What is a serious adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use?

Long-term use of corticosteroids is well-documented to have several serious adverse effects, one of which is osteoporosis. Corticosteroids can interfere with the bone remodeling process, which can lead to a decrease in bone density over time. This reduction in bone mass increases the risk of fractures, making osteoporosis a significant concern for patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.

Corticosteroids influence calcium absorption in the intestines and can promote calcium loss through the kidneys. These effects, combined with their inhibition of bone formation, result in weakened bones. Monitoring bone health and considering preventive measures, such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, are crucial for patients who require long-term corticosteroid regimens in order to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis.

While other options like weight gain and increased appetite are common side effects of corticosteroid use, they are not as serious as the risk of osteoporosis, which can have lasting and debilitating effects on a patient's health and overall quality of life. Dry skin is also a potential side effect, but it's generally not classified as a serious adverse effect compared to the implications of osteoporosis.