What term refers to a preparation intended for external application only?

The term "topical" refers specifically to a preparation that is designed for application to the skin or mucous membranes for localized effect. This category includes creams, ointments, gels, and patches that are applied directly where treatment is needed, rather than being absorbed into systemic circulation.

Topical preparations are advantageous for localized treatment, and they often minimize systemic side effects since they are typically not intended to penetrate deeply into the tissues or enter the bloodstream. This makes them suitable for conditions like skin irritations, eczema, and localized pain management.

In contrast, sublingual preparations are meant to dissolve under the tongue for systemic absorption, while transdermal refers to medication delivery systems that are designed to deliver drugs through the skin into the bloodstream. Inhalable medications are designed for administration via the respiratory tract, primarily targeting the lungs for systemic or localized respiratory effects. Thus, the term "topical" is distinct, as it is specific to direct external application.